September marks Thyroid Cancer Awareness Month, a time dedicated to educating the public about this disease, raising awareness of risk factors and symptoms, and promoting the importance of early detection and treatment.
The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located at the base of the throat. Although small, it plays a significant role in overall health by producing hormones that regulate metabolism, heart rate, body temperature, and other vital bodily functions.
According to the American Cancer Society, an estimated 44,020 new cases of thyroid cancer will be diagnosed in 2025. Thyroid cancer accounts for nearly 3% of all new cancer diagnoses. Women are about three times more likely to develop thyroid cancer than men. Encouragingly, most thyroid cancers are slow-growing and respond well to treatment, carrying an overall five-year survival rate of 98%.
How is Thyroid Cancer Detected?
Thyroid cancer is often discovered when a nodule is found in the gland. Typically, these discoveries happen during one of the following:
- During a routine physical exam by a doctor.
- By a patient who feels or sees a lump in the front of the neck.
- Incidentally, when imaging (such as an ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI) is performed for another reason.
While finding a nodule can feel concerning, the good news is that most nodules are benign and may not require treatment. If a nodule is detected, further evaluation typically includes an ultrasound, and in some cases, a fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy. Depending on the results, treatment may range from monitoring with periodic ultrasounds to surgery for confirmed or suspicious cancers.
Do Thyroid Nodules Have Symptoms?
Most thyroid nodules are benign and symptom-free, but any new lump in the neck should be evaluated by a doctor to rule out cancer or other thyroid conditions.
Common Symptoms of Thyroid Nodules
- A lump or swelling in the neck
- Difficulty swallowing
- Difficulty breathing or a sensation of pressure in the neck
- Hoarseness or changes in the voice
Hormone-Related Symptoms
Some nodules produce thyroid hormone (called “toxic nodules”), which can lead to symptoms of hyperthyroidism, such as:
- Unexplained weight loss
- Rapid heartbeat or palpitations
- Nervousness or irritability
- Tremors
- Increased sweating
On the other hand, if the thyroid isn’t producing enough hormone (hypothyroidism), a person may experience:
- Fatigue
- Weight gain
- Cold intolerance
- Dry skin or hair loss
What’s the Prognosis?
Most people diagnosed with thyroid cancer have highly successful treatment outcomes—especially when detected early. The most common treatment is surgery to remove part or all of the thyroid gland. In some cases, radioactive iodine or other therapies may also be used.
“The key to managing thyroid cancer is early detection and timely treatment,” said Rebecca Holbrook-Watkins, APRN. “If you notice a lump in your neck, persistent hoarseness, or difficulty swallowing, it’s important to be evaluated by your doctor. With proper testing and care, most patients do very well.”
When to See a Doctor
While many thyroid nodules are harmless, having them checked early provides peace of mind and helps you make certain that serious conditions are addressed promptly.
Thyroid Cancer Awareness Month serves as a reminder that early detection is crucial in saving lives. Discuss with your doctor the possibility of having your thyroid checked during your annual physical, and be aware of any changes in your neck or voice.
For more information about available services or to schedule an appointment, contact Kentucky River Clinics (a Part of Kentucky River Medical Center) at 606-666-6600.
Rebecca Holbrook-Watkins is an Allied Health Provider at Kentucky River Clinics, a part of Kentucky River Medical Center.
Sources:
https://www.aacr.org/patients-caregivers/awareness-months/thyroid-cancer-awareness-month/